Which of the following is an indication for both beta blockers and calcium channel blockers?

Both beta blockers and calcium channel blockers are indicated for the management of coronary artery disease (CAD). This condition arises from the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis, which can lead to chest pain (angina) and increase the risk of heart attacks.

Beta blockers work by reducing heart rate and the force of contraction of the heart, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand and helps alleviate angina symptoms. They also contribute to lowering blood pressure, further reducing the strain on the heart.

Calcium channel blockers, on the other hand, help by preventing calcium from entering heart and blood vessel cells, resulting in relaxation of the heart muscle and dilation of blood vessels. This leads to decreased workload on the heart and improved blood flow, which is beneficial for patients suffering from CAD.

While beta blockers might also be used in heart failure or in patients with diabetes mellitus to reduce cardiovascular risk, and calcium channel blockers may have uses in cases of hypertension and certain types of arrhythmias, the shared indication of both classes for coronary artery disease provides a clear therapeutic strategy in managing this condition.