Which medication is used to treat Addison's disease?

Hydrocortisone is a glucocorticoid that mimics the action of cortisol, a hormone that is deficient in individuals with Addison's disease. Addison's disease leads to adrenal insufficiency, resulting in inadequate production of steroids, which are essential for various bodily functions including the regulation of metabolism, immune response, and stress response. Hydrocortisone helps to replace the missing cortisol, effectively managing symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and low blood pressure.

While other medications listed also play a role in adrenal insufficiency treatment, hydrocortisone is often the first-line treatment because of its effectiveness in mimicking the natural hormone. Prednisone is another option that can be used, but hydrocortisone is typically preferred for its closer alignment to the body's natural cortisol levels. Dexamethasone, while a potent anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid, is used less frequently for Addison's disease management. Fludrocortisone, on the other hand, primarily addresses mineralocorticoid needs (like aldosterone) and is used in combination with glucocorticoids when necessary. Therefore, the use of hydrocortisone is crucial in restoring the balance of cortisol in patients with Addison’s disease.