Which condition is associated with Hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia refers to elevated levels of potassium in the blood, which can have serious physiological consequences, including cardiac issues. The use of ACE inhibitors, which are commonly used to treat hypertension and heart failure, can lead to hyperkalemia as a side effect. They work by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which in turn decreases aldosterone secretion. Since aldosterone promotes potassium excretion in the kidneys, lower levels can lead to retention of potassium in the body, causing hyperkalemia.

Other options, while they may have some relevance to potassium levels, do not specifically promote hyperkalemia. For instance, beta agonists can actually stimulate the uptake of potassium into cells, potentially leading to lower serum potassium levels. Thiazide diuretics tend to promote potassium excretion, which helps in preventing hyperkalemia, not causing it. Diabetes Mellitus can alter potassium levels due to factors like renal function issues and metabolic acidosis but is not directly associated with hyperkalemia in the same clear mechanistic way that ACE inhibitors are. Thus, the association of hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors makes this option the correct answer.