What is the primary mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

The primary mechanism of action of NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) is that they inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. COX enzymes are crucial for the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are key mediators involved in inflammation, pain, and fever. By inhibiting COX enzymes, NSAIDs reduce the production of these inflammatory mediators, leading to decreased pain and inflammation.

This action is particularly important in conditions such as arthritis, where excessive inflammation contributes to pain and swelling in the joints. Different NSAIDs may preferentially inhibit either COX-1 or COX-2 enzymes, which can influence their therapeutic effects and side effects, but the fundamental mechanism of.action for all NSAIDs is the inhibition of COX activity.

The other choices involve mechanisms not related to NSAIDs. For instance, blocking calcium channels pertains to certain types of medications used for different conditions like hypertension or arrhythmias, inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase is the primary action of statins, and activating beta-2 adrenergic receptors is associated with bronchodilators used in treating asthma.