What is the mechanism of action of metoprolol?

Metoprolol is a medication belonging to the class of beta-blockers, specifically designed to selectively block beta-1 adrenergic receptors. The primary effect of this action is to reduce heart rate and contractility, which in turn helps to manage conditions such as hypertension and heart failure. By blocking these receptors primarily found in the heart, metoprolol decreases cardiac workload and oxygen demand, making it especially beneficial in treating angina pectoris and preventing heart attacks.

Additionally, the selectivity for beta-1 receptors means it has less impact on beta-2 receptors located in the lungs and blood vessels, reducing the likelihood of respiratory side effects that can occur with non-selective beta-blockers. This selectivity is particularly important in patients with respiratory conditions, such as asthma.

Overall, the mechanism of action of metoprolol underscores its role in cardiovascular therapy, demonstrating how targeting specific adrenergic receptors can lead to beneficial outcomes in heart-related conditions.