What is a side effect of ARB blockers?

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. One notable side effect of ARBs is hyperkalemia, which refers to elevated levels of potassium in the blood. This occurs because ARBs block the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that promotes the reabsorption of sodium and the secretion of potassium in the kidneys. By inhibiting angiotensin II, ARBs can lead to increased potassium retention, resulting in hyperkalemia.

It is important for healthcare providers to monitor potassium levels in patients taking ARBs, especially in those with pre-existing conditions that predispose them to high potassium levels, such as kidney dysfunction or those on concurrent potassium-sparing medications. The risk of hyperkalemia is one reason ARBs must be used cautiously and monitored appropriately.

Other options such as hypotension can occur due to the blood pressure-lowering effects of ARBs but are not specific side effects like hyperkalemia. Bradycardia and constipation are less commonly associated with ARBs and are not primary concerns with their use. Thus, hyperkalemia stands out as a significant side effect related to the pharmacological action of ARBs.