What is a notable side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

Potassium-sparing diuretics are designed to help the body retain potassium while promoting the excretion of sodium and water. A notable side effect associated with some potassium-sparing diuretics, particularly spironolactone, is gynecomastia. This side effect occurs due to the drug's anti-androgen effects, which can influence hormonal balance and lead to breast tissue enlargement in males.

Understanding the mechanism behind this side effect is crucial; potassium-sparing diuretics can block androgen receptors and inhibit testosterone action, resulting in an imbalance that may promote gynecomastia. Monitoring for this side effect is essential in patients taking these medications, especially for extended periods.

The other side effects listed are typically associated with different classes of diuretics or occur less frequently with potassium-sparing diuretics. For example, hypokalemia is generally a concern with potassium-wasting diuretics, while increased uric acid levels and dehydration are more common with thiazide or loop diuretics.