What is a common side effect of beta-blockers?

Beta-blockers are a class of medications that primarily work by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and other tissues. This action leads to a reduction in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure. One of the most common side effects associated with beta-blockers is bradycardia, which is characterized by a slower than normal heart rate.

Bradycardia occurs because beta-blockers inhibit the normal stimulating effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters, resulting in decreased heart rate and reduced myocardial oxygen demand. This can be beneficial in conditions such as hypertension, anxiety, or certain types of cardiac arrhythmias. However, it can also lead to symptoms like dizziness or fatigue in some patients, especially if the heart rate drops significantly.

Understanding this effect is crucial, particularly for monitoring patients who are taking beta-blockers, as bradycardia can be severe enough in some cases to require adjustment of medication.