What effect do beta-blockers primarily have on the body?

Beta-blockers primarily lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. These medications work by binding to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and blood vessels, leading to a decrease in heart rate and myocardial contractility, which reduces cardiac output. Additionally, beta-blockers result in the dilation of blood vessels, further contributing to reduced blood pressure.

This mechanism makes beta-blockers effective in treating conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and certain types of arrhythmias. By mitigating the effects of stress hormones, beta-blockers help to stabilize cardiovascular function and improve overall heart health.