What are common side effects of corticosteroids like Budesonide and Prednisolone?

Corticosteroids such as Budesonide and Prednisolone are known for a variety of systemic side effects due to their mechanism of action which alters the immune response and metabolic processes in the body. One of the significant risks associated with prolonged use of corticosteroids is the development of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. This occurs because corticosteroids can inhibit bone formation and increase bone resorption.

Additionally, Cushing's syndrome is another potential side effect. This condition arises from prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which is the naturally occurring steroid produced by the adrenal glands. When corticosteroids are used therapeutically at doses that exceed physiological levels, they can mimic the effects of excess cortisol, leading to a range of symptoms including obesity, facial rounding, and changes in skin integrity.

These side effects underscore the importance of monitoring patients who are on long-term corticosteroid therapy and considering strategies to mitigate risks, such as supplementation with calcium and vitamin D for bone health.