Side effects of long-term corticosteroid use such as with prednisone include:

Long-term use of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, is associated with a variety of side effects due to their significant impact on many metabolic processes. One of the well-documented consequences of prolonged corticosteroid therapy is osteoporosis. Corticosteroids can inhibit the activity of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation, leading to decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures.

Additionally, corticosteroids can impair wound healing. They do this by suppressing the inflammatory response that is crucial for the initial phases of healing. This suppression can lead to delayed healing, which is especially significant for patients recovering from surgery or injury.

The other options listed do not accurately reflect the common side effects associated with long-term corticosteroid use. Increased energy and alertness, for instance, are not typical effects; rather, many patients may experience fatigue or mood changes. Hypoglycemia and low blood pressure are also not characteristic effects of corticosteroids; these drugs more commonly raise blood glucose levels and can potentially lead to hypertension. Lastly, while corticosteroids can cause skin changes, they are more likely to lead to thinning and easy bruising rather than just dry skin and constipation without a broader context of metabolic effects.