How does methotrexate affect immune response?

Methotrexate is an immunosuppressive medication commonly used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, which are essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This action ultimately affects lymphocyte proliferation and function, leading to a suppression of the immune response.

By decreasing the proliferation of immune cells, particularly T cells and B cells, methotrexate reduces the overall immune activity. This suppression can be beneficial in conditions where an overactive immune response contributes to disease pathology, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. As a result, the medication helps to control symptoms and prevent further tissue damage associated with these autoimmune processes.

Enhancement of the immune response or stimulation of the production of white blood cells is contrary to the known effects of methotrexate, which is specifically utilized for its ability to dampen immune activity. Therefore, the understanding of methotrexate's role in immune modulation aligns with the conclusion that it suppresses the immune response.